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In this paper, we introduce and study,   (P), the -center of a POLYGROUP (P;
) with respect to an automor-phism  . Then we associate to P a graph 􀀀  P, whose vertices are elements of P n   (P) and x connected to y by an edge in case x
y
! 6= y
x
! or y
x
! 6= x
y
! , where! is the heart of P. We obtain some basic prop-erties of this graph. In particular, we prove that if   (P) 6= P, then dim(􀀀  P ) = 2. Moreover, we de ne a weak -commutative POLYGROUP to state that if 􀀀  H  = 􀀀  K and H is a weak -commutative, then K is a weak -commutative. Also, we show that if H and K are two POLYGROUPs such that 􀀀  H  = 􀀀  K, then for some automor-phisms  and  , 􀀀  H A  = 􀀀  K B, where A and B are two weak commutative POLYGROUPs.

In this paper, a new mechanism is proposed to transform the structural modeling elements of the UML class diagram and OBJECT-Z specifications into each other. A set of bidirectional rules is defined to transform the mentioned elements into each other. Bidirectional transformation of the UML class diagram, as one of the most useful diagrams of UML, and OBJECT-Z specifications into each other prepares the ground for the use of the unique advantages of both formal and visual modeling methods. The feasibility of the proposed approach is evaluated using the multi-lift case study. The results of conducting the multi-lift case study show that the proposed mechanism is feasible.

Applications of hypergroups have mainly appeared in special subclasses. One of the important subclasses is the class of POLYGROUPs. In this paper, we study the notions of nilpotent and solvable POLYGROUPs by using the notion of heart of a POLYGROUP.In particular, we give a necessary and sufficient condition between nilpotency (solvability) of POLYGROUPs and fundamental groups.

According to the prevalent beliefs, comitative OBJECT, cognate OBJECT and OBJECT of purpose are not present in the syntactical functions of Persian language. However, there is lack of scientific research on this subject. Not only has it been ignored in grammar books, but also it has not been discussed in the essays and articles. The present study seeks to investigate the above mentioned functions in Persian syntax and to show their Persian equivalents by bringing several instances from Persian texts of prose and poetry. Subsequently, the paper aims to show the differences between these functions in Arabic and Persian. Influenced by Arabic, the article introduces new terminology, which did not formerly exist in Persian language.

In the study of the nature of art and literature, the discussion of the ‘OBJECT of mimesis’ has always been of particular importance. In fact, Aristotle in Poetics, by distinguishing the OBJECT, the method and the means of imitation, initiates debates that have continued until the contemporary era. In the meantime, the issue of the OBJECT of mimesis as an artistic OBJECT was raised before Aristotle in Plato’s philosophical tradition. Of course, unlike Aristotle, who tries to recognize imitation based on the empirical ideal, Plato, due to his involvement with the transcendental ideal, considers imitation to have no epistemic value. Accordingly, scholars of the Renaissance and later on in the contemporary period, thinkers such as Lukács or Auerbach, have described the OBJECT of mimesis from different perspectives. In sum, these thinkers suggest that when an artist turns to the creation of a work of art, the OBJECT of mimesis may include the ideal, tradition, nature, state of affairs, general principles of human nature, or merely external reality. Therefore, the present study tries to examine these arguments on the OBJECT of mimesis, and explore their theoretical points of strength and/or shortcomings. Finally, the paper suggests the possible world as the OBJECT of mimesis and thus tries to open up a new perspective, which seems to have more analytical power in this regard. Accordingly, it is suggested that phenomena and events in the literary work as a possible world function on the basis of the internal logic particular to the work of art. In this way, even the non-realistic types of representation can be interpreted on the basis of the verisimilitude principle.

Aesthetic OBJECT has always been a challenging theme for philosophers of art. The overall aim of this paper is to revise a very specific phenomenological approach to this theme. It includes a talk about artwork and its relationship with aesthetic OBJECT and ends with a reconsideration of the being of aesthetic OBJECT which is vital for the phenomenology of art.

One of the requisite of validity of a transaction is certainty and determination of transaction’s OBJECT. (accordance to part 3, article 190 civil law).We also see the same rule in Islamic law, that breach of these conditions, would cause risk and loss, and finally validity of contract.This discourse is putting in order in 3 sections as follows:In chapter 1, it will consider, the concept and effects of “determination of OBJECT”. we will see, doubt in offer stage, won’t be impediment to make a sale. In addition, it will consider, doubt in fungible and non-fungible thing, uncertain terms and sanction of uncetainty OBJECT.In chapter 2, that is entitled as “certainty of OBJECT” we will consider the concept, grounds, and domain of certainty.We will see there is difference, between the mistake in nature or quantity or qualification with uncertainty.In addition, it will consider the basis of neccessity of certainty OBJECT and public order and wise base will introduce as basis of necessity of certainty of OBJECT.At last, in this chapter, it will settle to distinction of those contracts, in which the general knowledge is necessary clause.